Draußen
“Draußen” means outside in “Draußen ist es windig.” It identifies the place where the weather condition is happening. A reusable pattern is to put a place such as “Draußen” at the beginning of a sentence.
ist
“ist” is the form used in “Draußen ist es windig” to state the weather condition. Together with “windig”, it says that it is windy outside. The pattern “ist es + adjective” is useful for describing a condition.
es
In “Draußen ist es windig”, “es” is the subject used in this weather statement; it does not refer to a particular object. It works together with “ist” and “windig” to describe the weather. This type of weather statement commonly uses “es” with an adjective.
windig
“windig” means windy in “Draußen ist es windig.” It describes the weather outside. It can be reused as the adjective in a statement about windy conditions.
Halte
“Halte” gives the listener the instruction to hold something in “Halte deinen Hut mit einer Hand fest.” Together with “fest”, it forms the instruction to hold the hat firmly. “Halte” is used at the beginning of this direct instruction.
deinen
“deinen” means your before “Hut” in “Halte deinen Hut mit einer Hand fest.” It identifies the hat as belonging to the person being addressed. A reusable pattern is “deinen + noun” when referring to the listener’s item in this context.
Hut
“Hut” means hat in “deinen Hut”. It is the item that the listener is told to hold firmly. The word can be reused after a possessive such as “deinen” when identifying a hat.
mit
“mit” means with in “mit einer Hand”. Here it indicates the means used to hold the hat: with one hand. A useful pattern is “mit” followed by the person or thing used for an action.
einer
“einer” means one or a in “mit einer Hand”. It specifies that only one hand is being used. It appears before “Hand” inside the reusable phrase “mit einer Hand”.
Hand
“Hand” means hand in “mit einer Hand”. It identifies the body part used to hold the hat. The phrase “mit einer Hand” is useful when explaining how an action is performed.
fest
“fest” contributes the meaning firmly in “Halte deinen Hut mit einer Hand fest.” Together with “Halte”, it makes the instruction to hold the hat securely. In this sentence, “fest” appears at the end of the separable expression “Halte ... fest”.
Die
“Die” means the before “Bäume” in “Die Bäume bewegen sich stark.” It introduces the trees being described. Its capitalization here also reflects that it begins the sentence.
Bäume
“Bäume” means trees in “Die Bäume bewegen sich stark.” It is the plural form of “Baum” because the dialogue refers to more than one tree. It is used with “Die” when talking about those trees.
bewegen
“bewegen” describes the trees’ movement in “Die Bäume bewegen sich stark.” Together with “sich”, “bewegen sich” means that the trees are moving. This expression is useful for describing movement.
sich
“sich” is the reflexive part of “bewegen sich” in “Die Bäume bewegen sich stark.” It shows that the trees themselves are moving. The reusable expression is “bewegen sich” for describing something that is moving.
stark
“stark” describes the degree of movement in “Die Bäume bewegen sich stark.” Here it means strongly or a lot, because the trees are moving noticeably in the wind. It can be used to show a high degree of an action or condition.
Der
This unit appears as “Der” in “Der Wind” and as lowercase “der” in “an der Straße”. In both places it means the and introduces the noun that follows; the capitalization changes with its position in the sentence. The exact phrases are useful for talking about “Der Wind” and “der Straße”.
Wind
“Wind” means wind in “Der Wind ist an der Straße stärker.” It is the weather force being compared near the street. The phrase “Der Wind ist ... stärker” can be used to describe where the wind is stronger.
an
“an” means near or at in “an der Straße”. It locates the stronger wind close to the street. The reusable location phrase here is “an der Straße”.
Straße
“Straße” means street in “an der Straße”. It identifies the place where the wind is stronger. The phrase “an der Straße” is useful when describing something located near the street.
stärker
“stärker” is the comparative form of “stark” and means stronger in “Der Wind ist an der Straße stärker.” It compares the wind near the street with the wind in another location. A useful pattern is “ist ... stärker” when stating where something has greater intensity.
Sollen
“Sollen” asks whether the speakers should do something in “Sollen wir langsamer gehen?” It introduces a suggestion or proposal for the two people. The reusable question pattern is “Sollen wir + infinitive?”, as in “Sollen wir langsamer gehen?”.
wir
“wir” means we in “Sollen wir langsamer gehen?” It refers to the speaker and the person being addressed as a group. It is the subject of the proposed action “gehen”.
langsamer
“langsamer” means more slowly in “Sollen wir langsamer gehen?” It describes a slower walking pace. It is the comparative form used with “gehen” when suggesting that the walking speed should be reduced.
gehen
“gehen” means walk or go in “Sollen wir langsamer gehen?” and “Lass uns an der Straße langsamer gehen.” Here it refers to moving on foot. It appears at the end of both the suggestion question and the “Lass uns” construction.
Lass
“Lass” begins the suggestion “Lass uns an der Straße langsamer gehen.” Together with “uns”, it means let’s and invites the other person to do the action together. A reusable pattern is “Lass uns + infinitive” for making a shared suggestion.
uns
“uns” means us in “Lass uns an der Straße langsamer gehen.” It refers to the speaker and the person being addressed as the people who will walk. Together with “Lass”, it forms the suggestion “Lass uns ... gehen”.
Ich
“Ich” means I in “Ich halte meine Tasche auch nah bei mir.” It identifies the speaker as the person who will keep the bag close. It is placed before “halte” to state the speaker’s action.
meine
“meine” means my before “Tasche” in “meine Tasche”. It identifies the bag as belonging to the speaker. A reusable pattern is “meine + noun” when referring to one of the speaker’s belongings.
Tasche
“Tasche” means bag in “meine Tasche”. It is the object that the speaker will hold close. The phrase “meine Tasche” is useful when referring to the speaker’s bag.
auch
“auch” means also or too in “Ich halte meine Tasche auch nah bei mir.” It adds this action to the other actions being discussed outside. It is placed with the statement to show that the speaker will do this as well.
nah
“nah” means close in “nah bei mir”. It describes the bag’s position close to the speaker. The full phrase “nah bei mir” is useful for saying that something is kept close to oneself.
bei
“bei” contributes the meaning near or with in “bei mir”. Together with “mir”, it specifies that the bag is close to the speaker. The reusable phrase “bei mir” identifies the speaker as the person nearby.
mir
“mir” means me in “bei mir”. It identifies the speaker as the person the bag is close to. The phrase “nah bei mir” can be reused when describing something kept close to oneself.
Dann
“Dann” means then in “Dann sollte deine Tasche nicht aufgehen.” It connects the earlier action of holding the bag close with the expected result. A useful pattern is “Dann + clause” when stating what should happen as a result.
sollte
“sollte” expresses the expected result in “Dann sollte deine Tasche nicht aufgehen.” The speaker expects that keeping the bag close will prevent it from opening. It is used with the infinitive “aufgehen” at the end of the clause.
deine
“deine” means your before “Tasche” in “deine Tasche”. It identifies the bag as belonging to the person being addressed. The phrase “deine Tasche” is useful when referring to the listener’s bag.
nicht
“nicht” means not in “deine Tasche nicht aufgehen.” It negates the event described by “aufgehen”, so the expected result is that the bag does not open. In this clause it appears before the infinitive at the end: “nicht aufgehen”.
aufgehen
“aufgehen” means to open or come open in “deine Tasche nicht aufgehen.” Here it describes the bag opening by itself, which the speaker hopes to prevent. With “sollte”, the infinitive remains at the end of the clause: “sollte deine Tasche nicht aufgehen”.